Computers in Classrooms 3 April 2009

ISSN 1470-5524

03 April 2009

Practical advice for colleagues who use, teach, lead or manage information and communication technology (ICT) in schools.

This newsletter is © 2009 Terry Freedman. Contributors own the copyright of their own articles.

Home Page: http://www.ictineducation.org Updated virtually daily.

Email: terry@ictineducation.org


Hi Subscriber

This is a shortish newsletter; the next one, which I am aiming to publish after the Easter break, will be much bigger. There's plenty in that to look forward to, as described further on. It has a social networking focus. If you'd like to contribute to that, there is still time.

In this issue...

Adventures in Podcasting -- venturing out no more
Forthcoming issues
31 ways of making a contribution
Prize draw: good news for educational games-creators enthusiasts
How to make exercises more interesting
Getting through to parents
The social networking issue
The games issue
The Game-Based Learning Conference 
Should ICT be taught as a discrete subject?
 

Adventures in Podcasting -- venturing out no more

Shawn Wheeler, the voice behind the weekly Adventures in Podcasting, has just recorded his last one. Having clocked up an astounding 128 episodes over the last three years, Shawn has taken on a new role at Safari Montage , a video library company.

Shawn is one of the educational technology pioneers of podcasting. Driven by his motto "if it's worth hearing, it's worth hearing again", Shawn used the medium to encourage other educators, especially in the Pretoria District in Arizona, to dip their toes in the water and try it out. Always keen to celebrate small successes, Shawn never decries anyone for not having done a 'real' podcast when all they've done is uploaded an audio file for download. Everyone has to start somewhere, and you don't encourage them to go further by belittling their first efforts.

Also, Adventures in Podcasting had a clearly defined structure, covering local news, new software and hardware, and other items worth mentioning. The latter two sections are still likely to be of interest as there are lots of nice little gems there. The archive of Adventures in Podcasting may be found here . We wish Shawn all the best in his new venture.

Forthcoming issues

In forthcoming newsletters we look at social networking in April, reading in May; professional development in June; and games in education in September. There are already three contributors working on articles for that one. See below for more details.

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31 ways of making a contribution

Not everyone likes writing. If that applies to you or your pupils or students, there are lots of ways in which you – and they – can contribute:

  1. Write an article.

  2. Write a poem.

  3. Write a special type of poem, like a limerick or a haiku.

  4. Write a song.

  5. Write a special type of song, like a rap song or a blues song.

  6. Write a play (but not a full-length one please!).

  7. Write a special type of play, like a play for one person.
  8. Draw a picture.

  9. Draw a special type of picture, like a cartoon.

  10. Design a quiz.

  11. Design a special type of quiz, like a word search or a crossword.

  12. Create a presentation in SlideShare. The beauty of having an online newsletter is that your presentation can be linked to, or even embedded.

  13. Create a video.

  14. Create a special kind of video, like a 12 second one .

  15. Make a podcast.

  16. Make a special kind of podcast, like an interview with someone who uses technology in interesting ways.
  17. Review a book.

  18. Review a website.

  19. Review a podcast.

  20. Review a SlideShare presentation.

  21. Review a software application.

  22. Review an item of equipment.

  23. Review a service.

  24. Write a case study of practice you know about.

  25. Write a report on something you've tried out in your classroom.

  26. Write a report on something you're thinking of trying out in your classroom.

  27. Write a lesson plan.

  28. Write a lesson resource.

  29. Write a how-to crib sheet.

  30. If you're representing an organisation, take out an advertisement in the newsletter.

  31. If you're representing an organisation, place a sponsored article in the newsletter.

I'm sure you can think of many more! If you have an idea for a contribution, and it doesn't fit into any of these categories, suggest it to me anyway.

The special focus idea doesn't preclude articles and news on other topics of interest, so if you have a burning desire to write about something and it isn't a special focus topic, don't worry. As long as it's related to educational technology your idea will be considered.

Prize draw: Good news for educational games-creators enthusiasts

I'm a great believer in using games and simulations as a means of teaching children and young people. They can learn a lot from a well-crafted games, as, of course, can adults.

But quite often it's in the creation of something that people really start to understand the ins and outs of what they're trying to model. The same is true of games. Creating a game requires knowledge of the subject you're trying to base the game on, and sequencing skills. Note that I did not say you need technical skills. A lot of games-creation applications now let you create games using drag and drop methods rather than programming code, at least in the first instance.

I'm delighted to be able to tell you that The Game Creators has made available three games-creation programs: Dark Basic Professional, FPS Creator, and 3DGamecreator. Site licences for these will be given away in a prize draw of subscribers to this newsletter. Please note that the competition is open to UK subscribers only. The draw takes place on 1st May at 12:00 noon GMT. More details in the next issue of Computers in Classrooms.

How to make exercises more interesting

One of the things that I never see talked about is how to make the exercises that we set our pupils and students more interesting. This is not quite the same thing as using exciting and interesting applications: even work involving the currently much-maligned trio of spreadsheet, database and word processor can be made more interesting by a more innovative approach.

John Davitt's Learning Ideas Generator is a useful tool in this context. Taking a randomly-selected topic together with a randomly-selected method, it comes up with suggestions which, if nothing else, have the sort of shock value that is likely to get the mental juices flowing.

For example, I just generated:

Do the plot of Hamlet as an abstract impressionist painting.

However, for a particular subject area, this is unlikely to prove entirely useful because the topics come from right across the curriculum. But it is definitely worth running the LIG a few times in order to see the sorts of methods it contains. I'll tell you in a moment or two what to do with them.

First, though, does this sort of approach actually work, in the sense of getting youngsters to remember concepts?

From my experience, it does. When I was teaching economics, I wrote two blues songs to help the students understand the key differences between the monetarist approach to curing unemployment, and the Keynesian approach. Each song summarised, in three verses, what the textbooks took a whole chapter (and a lot of mathematics) to explain. A year later, my students could still recall what the theories were and how they differed from each other.

Now obviously a blues song or two is not going to be a real substitute for the detailed treatment in the textbook in the long run: it's hardly the sort of thing you could quote in an examination paper. However, as a means of creating an awareness of the essence of what the topic is about, and of providing a hook on which the pupil or student can hang the more detailed concepts, this kind of approach works very well.

It's also a good idea to get the students themselves to do the work, which in this case was writing a blues song. If you think about it, a blues song has a very defined and rigid format. Yes, there are variations, but basically it consists of a few verses with the following characteristics:

Rhyming format:

Line 1

Line 1 repeated

Line 3 rhymes with Lines 1 and 2

Situation:

The singer is usually complaining about some awful things that have happened, usually pretty extreme or several things at once. For example, they may have just been fired from their job, had their partner walk out on them, been arrested for something or other, and been evicted because of the money owed to the landlord.

Now, the rigid format means that you can't afford to waste words. You have to get the nub of the idea across very quickly. To do that, you need to have a very firm grasp of what the idea actually is.

I know it's unlikely that many young people listen to blues these days, but just to take this example to a conclusion, how might you use the blues format to explain concepts like evaluating information for plausibility or accuracy? How could you use the format to explain why backing up your work is rather important?

What I've said in the context of the blues idiom applies in other contexts too. Writing a haiku is difficult:17 syllables in 3 lines. Can your pupils explain the concept of sequencing in a haiku? Can they describe their experiences in the form of a haiku? Or a limerick? Can they make a podcast about it?

On the subject of context, I've never really understood why many teachers use a one-size fits all approach when it comes to setting exercises. Let's take the sort of thing that could easily be boring: a set of spreadsheet-based tasks.

The usual approach is to get the students to type in or copy/paste the data (either of which I regard as a waste of time unless they had to do research to obtain the data first – in which case that's not a spreadsheet exercise anyway).

The data is usually something to do with sports or prices. Yawn. Why not produce several versions of the exercise and give pupils a choice? It's the concepts that you're trying to teach, so the scenario itself is unimportant, surely?

For example, let's suppose you want to teach them how to use look-up tables – not because that's a topic in the curriculum, but because it's a good example of how you can design a spreadsheet model to be efficient.

In case you're not familiar with it, the look-up table is a device for coping with what is, in effect, a bundle of IF statements. For example, you might grade exam papers according to their marks along the lines of grade A for 70% or above, grade B for a mark of 60 to 69% and so on. You could set this all out in a look-up table and then assign the grade with a formula that says, in effect:

Look up this number (the percentage mark awarded) in the look-up table, and give me the corresponding grade.

Clearly, you can use such a table in lots of contexts, such as:

OK, I said earlier that I would tell you what to do with all the ideas for exercises that you and your colleagues come up with. My suggestion is to put them in a text file, and copy and paste the text file into the fruit machine random generator . Then select the exercise randomly. Maybe this could be used for setting homework as well. It would be difficult to use this approach all the time, but if done every week, say for the Friday homework or the first lesson of the week, it could be quite fun, not to mention a good way of keeping everyone on their toes!

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Getting through to parents

For schools and local authorities, it's always a challenge trying to keep parents informed and educated about technology in schools and e-safety in particular. Even if you think you have a winning formula, how do you find the time, given that most things these days have to be associated with an income stream.

A quick win here would be to place a link on your website to Tanya Byron's Oh, Nothing Much blog at Next Generation Learning. Author of the Tanya Byron Review into e-safety and video games, Byron gives easy-to-digest information without resorting to jargon. With posts about how to keep your child safe online, and what technology their children will be using in schools at different ages, Byron writes in a reassuring tone without being patronising.

In many respects this reminds me of the Carol Vorderman-fronted campaign, Computers Don't Byte, of around ten years ago. It's not earth-shattering reading, but then it wasn't intended for the expert. I think the tone is pitched just right myself.

The blog ties in well with the Next Generation Learning facility for parents to check whether their local schools have the ICT Mark, and there is a tab for that on the blog. So, if you're in a local authority, linking to the blog may be a way of raising awareness of the ICT Mark amongst schools. Bear in mind that there are now more stages to achieving the ICT Mark, including the very basic first step of declaring a commitment to 'Next Generation Learning'. (It's a bit late now, but it is such a shame about that name: it's catchy, but what this generation?!)

So, take a look at Tanya Byron's blog and think about linking to it.

The social networking issue

The next issue of Computers in Classrooms will focus on social networking. I've regarded the idea of social networking in a very broad way. I've learnt from my studies in economics that the definition of money – money is as money does – can be applied much more widely.

What the expression means is that anything which is used as money and therefore behaves as if it is money, is money. In the same way, perhaps instead of thinking of social networking as Facebook and MySpace and so on we should take the view that if an application lets you network socially with other people then it must be a social networking application.

In the special focus issue we have a great article by Miller Singleton, a 14 year old high school student living in the USA. Miller explains what social networking is and how it proved useful for an international educational project. It's really nicely written, and by the end of the article you'll have a really good idea of what a 'digiteen' is, and why social networks are not necessarily dark and terrifying places for youngsters!

But just in case you're still concerned about the e-safety aspects of online communication, Dughall McCormick describes the approach adopted in Kirklees, in the north of England, to make very young children realise that you cannot always be sure who you're taking to online. The nice thing is, no child was frightened in the process.

Another kind of social networking, in my opinion, is Twitter. Tom Barrett describes how he has has been using Twitter in his primary (elementary) classroom to get the children to both use real data and at the same time connect with other people from all over the world.

Privacy is always a concern, especially the minefield that is Facebook privacy. Scott N Wright takes us through the steps needed to keep your personal data private on Facebook.

There are also some book reviews, including Don Tapscott's Growing Up Digital, Stephanie D Sandifer's Wikified Schools, Julio Ojeda-Zapata's Twitter Means Business, and Vanessa Van Petten's The Dirt e-Secrets of an Internet Kid. Other articles include Neil Howie's review of the recent World Maths Day, and a review by David Luke on the presentation that Miles Berry and I gave recently on the subject of What Are Your Kids Learning While You're Not Looking? . So, I do hope you'll enjoy reading the next issue of Computers in Classrooms. And if you'd like to contribute an article you feel is missing, there is still time: just get in touch.

The games issue

Just a quick word about the September issue, which focuses on using games in the classroom. If you're interested in contributing to that, or getting your class to contribute, either contact me directly or put your ideas and name on the wiki I set up for this purpose.

The Game-Based Learning Conference 2009

I attended this recently, and it was very inspiring indeed. Taking place over two days in the City of London, the conference was a very inspiring affair which brought together enthusiasts from industry and education. There were a number of sessions to choose from on the first day, and on the whole I was pleased with my selection.

For the first half of the first afternoon I attended a strand called Pecha Kucha. This a form of presentation in which each speaker has no more than 20 slides, and can spend no more than 20 seconds on each. It's a good idea, because it means you get the nub of the matter without having to listen to lots of extraneous waffle. The only downside is that the slide at the end of each presentation, ie the one on which the speaker enters all his or her contact details, flies by too quickly. It would be better if the last slide could be exempted from the 20 second rule.

There were some good presentations in this session, the best one for me being the work being done on serious games at the Press Association.

However, I did not return to this session after the coffee break for one simple reason: the temperature control in the room seemed to be, erm, out of control. It ranged from so low as to induce the beginnings of hypothermia, to so high that I started to nod off! A pity really.

I very much enjoyed the presentations in the strand called Game-based learning in Practice, in which real teachers told us what they've been doing. There are some truly great things going on in classrooms in the UK, and especially in Scotland.

The next day saw a series of keynote speakers, most of whom were very good: inspiring, yet down to earth. One of the most passionate was Tom Watson, a Labour Member of Parliament, whilst another was Sean Dromgoole, CEO of Some Research. Anyone who can make a highly statistical presentation at the end of a conference last thing on a Friday afternoon both riveting and humorous is good! The session also included a talk by Derek Robertson, of Learning and Teaching Scotland, who has done a tremendous amount of work promoting the benefits of games in education and encouraging teachers to experiment with the approach.

The most disappointing talks were by Terry Deary, author of the Horrible History books, and Nolan Bushnell, founder of Atari and father of the video games industry. Each used the occasion to talk about things which, whilst they feel passionate about them, had nothing to do with game-based learning as far as I could tell.

The conference organisation was good, and the food was excellent. The venue, The Brewery, is very good on the whole. Kudos to Graham Brown-Martin, founder of Learning Without Frontiers , who created the conference. The next one is in the planning stage, but you can pre-register your interest now. I will be writing about some of the sessions in more detail in due course, but in the meantime you can see many of them for yourself by going here .

Should ICT be taught as a discrete subject?

In my review of The Cambridge Review's thoughts on ICT in the curriculum, I said:

One of the interesting things about having been in an educational career for >30 years is that you see the same ideas being trotted out every 10 or so years. One of these ideas is that ICT should be a cross-curricular area, not a subject in its own right. I see the thinking behind such visions, but in practice it never works. No, let me correct that: it can work, with a lot of effort, commitment and all sorts of conditions being satisfied, which I don't have the time to go into now.

I was contacted by one of the Review's co-writers, and invited to expand on my views. I thought I'd publish them here as well. Here they are. Challenge me.
Digital literacy should be one of the key parts of any curriculum.

What is digital literacy? Let's express this in behavioural terms. I believe that it should not be possible for young people to leave school without being knowledgeable enough to be safe online (not just from sexual predators but from financial, racist, and other types of predator too). It should not be possible for anyone to leave school and then leave laptops in the back of cars, usb sticks containing sensitive data in pub car parks, or sell hard disks containing data on eBay. All of these kinds of actions are undertaken by digitally illiterate people in my opinion.

Digital literacy should not be seen only in defensive terms. A digitally-literate person will be able to express herself by creating a presentation, a podcast or a video. She will be able to validate data before putting it into a model, and then verify the results of the modelling process in terms of the accuracy and plausibility of the data. A digitally-literate person will be able to use software applications in elegant and efficient ways, and even perhaps in ways that could not have been foreseen by the program's creators.

There are, or should be, lots of opportunities for pupils to apply and practise their digitalliteracy skills, right across the curriculum. However, in order to do so, they need a deep, not a superficial, understanding of the processes involved. These are not trivial. Take, for example, the concept of data validation. It's quite sophisticated, and quite necessary. It's summed up in the adage, "garbage in, garbage out", meaning that if you put rotten data into a computer you'll get rotten results. Someone has to be able to ensure that the data going into the computer is not full of errors, or of the wrong type.

It's been found recently , by Ofsted, that teachers tend to teach ICT up to the limit of their own knowledge, and that this effectively holds children back. In my experience, where ICT is taught by non-specialists, this kind of "dumbing down" goes on as a matter of course. It's not deliberate: teachers don't know what they don't know. It's therefore not a criticism as such. If I taught English, it would almost certainly be superficial, because I'm not an English specialist, even though I've been speaking the language for over half a century. Why should we assume that if we send someone on an interactive whiteboard training course and give them a laptop for producing their worksheets, and they book their vacations online, that they're qualified to teach ICT?

In fact, if we are really serious about embedding ICT in the curriculum, the answer is not to get rid of it as a subject and farm it out across the curriculum, but to do the precise opposite and increase the amount of time spent teaching it. That would give pupils a much firmer skills base to employ in other subjects. It would also give non-ICT teachers more confidence in using technology in their classrooms because of the knowledge that the youngsters pretty much know what they are doing.

Thoughts? Comments? Let me know!

And that about wraps it up for this newsletter. Have a nice Easter break!

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