I occasionally use this newsletter as an excuse to write
SOMETHING ABOUT STORYTELLING
1- JUMP TALES
We'll generally toss in a short one of these for any given Halloween show, along with the more substantial fare. Knowing how to do this right is like being able to do a good magic trick, the audience finds out that it's not all bull, that you actually know how to do something impressive. As with magic tricks, they're not so impressive when you know how they work, and I wouldn't want to do them *all* the time, but people do like them especially at this time of year. They're like jokes in that you can't bluff your way through, they either work or fall flat, depending on whether or not you can elicit a physical reaction from your audience; an honest laugh for a joke, an honest "yikes" for a jump tale.
They're still in oral circulation, told in social situations by people who do not consider themselves
"storytellers," in the same way you can hear jokes told by people who do not think of themselves as comedians. They're real folk tales, propogating and varying through anonymous oral transmission. You can find them in books but that's not where they live; and they don't reveal their true nature until they enter the ear, by way of somebody who understands how they work.
Thanks to Mark Twain's setting, ia The Golden Arm is probably the best known of these in America. Less historical examples include Teeny Tiny Woman, Johnny I'm on the First Step, Big Toe, and Taily Po.
How they work: The teller builds up an increasing degree of fearful anticipation,
then makes a sudden aggressive noise, provoking the startle response, a reflex we share with bats, birds, and butterflies. It's such an immediate and powerful reaction,
it's actually triggered before the incoming signal gets past the brainstem.
This "jump"
is the whole point of the story. If the teller has done well s/he will see the listeners flinch back. In larger audiences, you may see a visible wave move through the crowd. On one memorable occasion --first night of a new
junior high age overnight camp-- I saw that wave actually carry folks out of doors and windows. You'll hear something too-- Mark Twain called it "a yelp"--
and faces will show surprise and its close relative, fear.
surprise
|
fear |
Then comes the real pay-off: an instant or two of dead silence followed by a joyful noise of laughter and loud chatter.
It's like a roller coaster-- a long "uh-oh" climb, followed by a sudden terrifying (yet safe) rush.
As in all kinds of storytelling,
capable performers need to rely upon the primal communication elements that underlie words: tone, cadence,
rhythm,
connections made through eye-contact, facial expressions, gestures and physical posture. These constitute the animal "language" that precede language both in evolution and individual development, and are the hallmark of effective colloquial speech.
Such elements (like the micro-expressions pictured above) are fleeting and instinctive, and
almost impossible to prescribe. When
applied deliberately they can appear unpleasant, inauthentic and alienating. (Think of a forced smile.) So it's probably best not to get too specific about such things when beginning to learn a particular story: concentrate on getting the meaning out, effect by effect, as strongly as you can, and in time they'll flow naturally. But do watch for them and stay open to them; we need to free our natural expressive powers in all dimensions.
Berkeley storyteller Tim Erenata has written of listening to a gifted foreign storyteller perform one of these tales in an unfamiliar
tongue; even without words, the jump came through.
If you click on this link
"Dead Man's Liver"
you can read a pretty good example of a jump tale I used to tell a lot, with notes on how to make it work. I heard it from a junior high kid in Manchester Vt, about 25 years ago; he said his uncle told it to him at deer camp. I rarely tell it anymore, but it's a great story for student storytellers to learn..
(In fact, school-children all over the world have stumbled onto
that webpage and used it to help them win school-wide storytelling contests. I know this to be true, because over the years at least five or six of them have emailed me to find out what book it's in. The rules of their contests specify that local winners can't
move on to compete regionally unless their material comes from a published book. I guess the web doesn't count any more than the deer-camp uncle would have, so the poor kids have had to stay home.)
Leanne and I recently played music for the wedding of a young woman who'd just gotten her PhD from UC Berkeley. She said she'd been in one of my elementary school residencies way back in the eighties. She remembered telling "Liver" in the final student-teller assembly, and she said "That was the only worthwhile thing that I ever learned, in all my years at that school. The only thing." (I don't think it was, really, I liked that school while I was teaching there. But I understood and could identify with her bitter tone. Such a desert of dry wasted time the school hours appear in memory, and we were all so thirsty!)
I still perform a Golden Arm (not Twain's) from time to time, and more rarely an effective but overlong first person Fraternity Hazing lie. Both of these I found in live contemporary oral tradition; they have a little more content working for them than the others, and a couple of extra
tricks to help with getting a jump from an audience is (understandably) braced against it.
2- "UNJUMP" TALES
There's another kind of story that disguises itself as a Jump Tales, building up the same kind of fearful tension, and seeming headed towards a similar climax. But at the very end, instead of a jump, the teller delivers a humorous punch-line and releases the tension in a laugh. There's no agreed-upon name for this genre, but there's a lot of examples floating around in oral transmission.
They work best with 8-12 year old children, who share them with each other like jokes. The finales can seem
flat and pointless to adults-- eg. "Blooooooody Finnnngersssss! BLOOOOOOOODY FINNNGGGGERSSSSS!" repeated over and over, setting up the punchline "Why don't you put on a band-aid, then?" Which reminds me (at least) that laughter is basically a social call, like monkeys hooting, and that you don't necessarily need cleverness for a big laugh, it's more a matter of setup and release.
Examples of the genre
I have heard "in the wild," from children and adults, include Got You Where I Want You Now I'm Going to Eat You, The Ghost of Mabel Able, Red Red Lips, Bloody Fingers, Purple Gorilla, and The Ghost with One Black Eye.
Grade-school children
exhibit ecstasies of pleasure at
even the most foolish of these when it's well delivered, but I seldom tell them. I get more fun out of helping kids share them with each other, that's where they belong. But when Leanne and I perform a Halloween show for children who are old enough to like the idea of spooky stories, but still too young for even a mild fright, then one of these is just the ticket.
I'm pretty sure I'll tell The Ghost of Mabel Able at the 6:00 show in Bristol, for example, if you want to see how it works..