For many of my friends, the arrival of November signals the start
of the deer and wild turkey season. For me, it’s onion planting time.
While Baker and Oliver hone their hunting skills over at the ranch
in Brackettville, I’m in my backyard planting this season’s crop.
I am often asked about ‘the key to success’ with onions, and I always
tell gardeners that they first have to know which variety is best
suited to the area where they live. Here in central Texas, we plant
short-day onions. These grow during the short days of winter and
are ready for harvest when the days become longer in the spring.
Short day onions mature in roughly 120 days, and you can plant
them from the middle of this month through late winter. The earlier
you plant them, the bigger they'll grow. My top five:
1. Texas 1015y “Super-Sweet” Probably the most popular onion
in Texas. The 1015 is globe-shaped, yellow, and can grow up to 6
inches in diameter. It’s so sweet that it can be eaten like an apple!
2. Texas Early White A new, sweet, white onion that just won
the 2012 “Green Thumb” award for its flavor, ease-of-growing,
and disease resistance. Matures in 105 days and is globe shaped.
Mature width: 5 inches.
3. Southern Belle Red A large, globe-shaped, sweet onion that
grows to 4" in diameter. It’s the sweetest of the red short day onions.
4. White Bermuda A flat, sweet, white onion that grows to 3 to
4 inches. It’s an excellent onion to harvest early for scallions. This
heirloom onion originated in the Canary Islands.
5. Creole Red A pungent, new red onion that is globe shaped and
reaches 3 to 4 inches across at maturity. A strong flavor that’s works
well for Cajun cooking.
These onions need a sunny garden location with loose, well drained
soil. Mixing lots of organic compost with our native soils is a must.
For fertilizer, they like a lot of phosphate to start. Organic bone meal
(0- 10-0) mixed into the soil before planting works well. As they start
to grow, add a higher nitrogen fertilizer as a top dress. Blood meal
(12-0-0) or Ladybug organic fertilizer (8-2-4) is very effective.
Plant your onions 1 inch deep and 4 to 6 inches apart. If you like to
harvest green onions early, plant them 2 inches apart and harvest every
other onion as they grow. Rows should be at least 8 inches apart so
that there are enough nutrients to go around. Onions like water, so
keep up with a regular watering schedule. (They will not grow in
dry soil.) If the leaves begin to yellow, that’s probably a sign of too
much water.
You can harvest your onions in the spring when the tops turn brown
and begin to fall over. This should be somewhere between mid-April
and mid –May.
Finally, onions are easy to store. My crop from May of this year is
still holding up well in the crisper. Take advantage of the season and
try your hand at being an onion gardener. I know that’s what I’ll be
doing! We'll have onions for our customers on Thursday, so please
drop by. Happy Gardening everyone!